湖南省似大地水准面2017模型及精度分析     

董明旭  李建成  华亮春  姜卫平  尹昊华  敖敏思  曾翔强 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):66-71

利用近7万个湖南及邻近省份重力观测数据、502个GNSS/水准控制点及数字高程模型，以EIGEN-6C4全球重力场模型作参考重力场，采用顾及地球曲率影响的各类地形质量位及引力的第二类Helmert凝集法严密算法，利用高分辨率地形数据恢复甚短波扰动重力场，确定空间分辨率2′×2′的高精度湖南省似大地水准面模型（HNGG2017）。经外部检核，模型整体精度均优于±0.022 m。与历史模型相比，新模型在湖南北部常德汉寿、西南部永州江永等地区精度得到显著改善。  相似文献   

激光跟踪仪在核电站主管道安装中的应用     

郭建兵 《北京测绘》2020,(1):123-125

目前,核电站的主管道焊接越来越多的采用了自动焊技术,这有利于提高焊接质量效率,还可以压缩建设成本。然而,主管道自动焊对焊缝的限差较现有工艺要求更高,高精度的测量是实现主管道自动焊的必要条件之一。本文针对主管道自动焊管口组队高精度的技术要求,提出采用激光跟踪仪对主管道自动焊相关的设备进行更为精密的三维工业测量,通过理论技术评定测量精度,然后选择测量仪器和编制具体的测量方案,最终保证了主管道自动焊精确组对的实现。  相似文献   

Experimental Study of a Command Governor Adaptive Depth Controller for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly being used in advanced applications that require them to operate in tandem with human divers and around underwater infrastructure and other vehicles. These applications require precise control of the UUVs which is challenging due to the non-linear and time varying nature of the hydrodynamic forces, presence of external disturbances, uncertainties and unexpected changes that can occur within the UUV’s operating environment. Adaptive control has been identified as a promising solution to achieve desired control within such dynamic environments. Nevertheless, adaptive control in its basic form, such as Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) has a trade-off between the adaptation rate and transient performance. Even though, higher adaptation rates produce better performance they can lead to instabilities and actuator fatigue due to high frequency oscillations in the control signal. Command Governor Adaptive Control (CGAC) is a possible solution to achieve better transient performance at low adaptation rates. In this study CGAC has been experimentally validated for depth control of a UUV, which is a unique challenge due to the unavailability of full state measurement and a greater thrust requirement. These in turn leads to additional noise from state estimation, time-delays from input noise filters, higher energy expenditure and susceptibility to saturation. Experimental results show that CGAC is more robust against noise and time-delays and has lower energy expenditure and thruster saturation. In addition, CGAC offers better tracking, disturbance rejection and tolerance to partial thruster failure compared to the MRAC.  相似文献   

Variability of Soft X—ray Spectral Shape in Blazars Observed by ROSAT     

Lin－PengCheng  Yong－HengZhao 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2002,2(2):117-126

1 INTRODUCTION Blazars, including BL Lac objects, highly polarized and optically violently variable quasars,and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), are characterized by highly variable non-thermalemission which dominates their characteristics from radio to y-ray bands. The mechanismbelieved to be responsible for their broadband emission is synchrotron radiation followed by in-verse Compton (IC) scattering at higher energies (e.g. Blandford & Konigl 1979). Relativisticbeaming of a jet…  相似文献   

High energy phenomena in eta carinae     

Roberto F. Viotti  Lucio Angelo Antonelli  Sonja Rebecchi  Corinne Rossi 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2002,23(1-2):19-22

We have investigated with BeppoSAX the long term behaviour of the harder X-ray component of the supposed supermassive binary system η Car along its 5.52 year cycle. We have found that in March 1998 during egress from the last December 1997 eclipse, this component was the same as outside eclipse, but for a large (×3.5) increase of NH _h , that can be attributed to the presence or formation of opaque matter in front of the source near periastron. Unexpectedly, at that time the iron 6.7 keV emission line was 40% stronger. BeppoSAX has for the first time found ahard X-ray tail extending to at least 50 keV, that cannot be adequately fitted with an additional hotter thermal component. The 2–100 keV spectrum of η Car is instead well fitted with an absorbed powerlaw spectrum with photon index 2.53, suggesting non-thermal emission as an alternative model for the core source.  相似文献   

The MPE X-ray test facility PANTER: Calibration of hard X-ray (15–50 kev) optics     

M. J. Freyberg  H. Bräuninger  W. Burkert  G. D. Hartner  O. Citterio  F. Mazzoleni  G. Pareschi  D. Spiga  S. Romaine  P. Gorenstein  B. D. Ramsey 《Experimental Astronomy》2005,20(1-3):405-412

The Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) in Garching, Germany, uses its large X-ray beam line facility PANTER for testing X-ray astronomical instrumentation. A number of telescopes, gratings, filters, and detectors, e.g. for astronomical satellite missions like Exosat, ROSAT, Chandra (LETG), BeppoSAX, SOHO (CDS), XMM-Newton, ABRIXAS, Swift (XRT), have been successfully calibrated in the soft X-ray energy range (< 15keV). Moreover, measurements with mirror test samples for new missions like ROSITA and XEUS have been carried out at PANTER. Here we report on an extension of the energy range, enabling calibrations of hard X-ray optics over the energy range 15–50 keV. Several future X-ray astronomy missions (e.g., Simbol-X, Constellation-X, XEUS) have been proposed, which make use of hard X-ray optics based on multilayer coatings. Such optics are currently being developed by the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Milano, Italy, and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Cambridge, MA, USA. These optics have been tested at the PANTER facility with a broad energy band beam (up to 50 keV) using the XMM-Newton EPIC-pn flight spare CCD camera with its good intrinsic energy resolution, and also with monochromatic X-rays between C-K (0.277 keV) and Cu-Kα (8.04 keV). PACS: 95.55.Ka, 95.55.Aq, 41 50.+h, 07.85.Fv  相似文献   

基于噪声随机模型的加权观测融合方法     

黄贤源  隋立芬  范玉茹 《测绘学院学报》2009,(1)

信息融合技术中,在各局部传感器的有色观测噪声为一阶AR模型的情况下,可以利用观测扩增方法消除有色噪声的影响,得到最优加权观测融合方程,从而实现状态的最优滤波解。对于有色观测噪声为MA或ARMA模型的情况,观测扩增方法不再适用。提出了基于有色观测噪声随机模型级数展开的方法,求解出各局部传感器有色观测噪声的方差,并利用该方差对加权观测融合滤波器进行了构造。通过计算实例证明,该方法不仅适用于观测噪声为AR模型,同时适用于噪声MA或ARMA模型。  相似文献   

Pressure-induced incipient amorphization of α-quartz and transition to coesite in an eclogite from Antarctica: a first record and some consequences     

R. PALMERI  M. L. FREZZOTTI  G. GODARD  R. J. DAVIES 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(9):685-705

Monocrystalline quartz inclusions in garnet and omphacite from various eclogite samples from the Lanterman Range (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) have been investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL), Raman spectroscopy and imaging, and in situ X‐ray (XR) microdiffraction using the synchrotron. A few inclusions, with a clear‐to‐opalescent lustre, show ‘anomalous’ Raman spectra characterized by weak α‐quartz modes, the broadening of the main α‐quartz peak at 465 cm^?1, and additional vibrations at 480–485, 520–523 and 608 cm^?1. CL and Raman imaging indicate that this ‘anomalous’α‐quartz occurs as relicts within ordinary α‐quartz, and that it was preserved in the internal parts of small quartz inclusions. XR diffraction circular patterns display irregular and broad α‐quartz spots, some of which show an anomalous d‐spacing tightening of ～2%. They also show some very weak, hazy clouds that have d‐spacing compatible with coesite but not with α‐quartz. Raman spectrometry and XR microdiffraction characterize the anomalies with respect to α‐quartz as (i) a pressure‐induced disordering and incipient amorphization, mainly revealed by the 480–485 and 608‐cm^?1 Raman bands, together with (ii) a lattice densification, evidenced by d‐spacing tightening; (iii) the cryptic development of coesite, 520–523 cm^?1 being the main Raman peak of coesite and (iv) Brazil micro‐twinning. This ‘anomalous’α‐quartz represents the first example of pressure‐induced incipient amorphization of a metastable phase in a crustal rock. This issue is really surprising because pressure‐induced amorphization of metastable α‐quartz, observed in impactites and known to occur between 15 and 32 GPa during ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) experiments at room temperature, is in principle irrelevant under normal geological P–T conditions. A shock (due to a seism?) or a local overpressure at the inclusion scale (due to expansion mismatch between quartz and its host mineral) seem the only geological mechanisms that can produce such incipient amorphization in crustal rocks. This discovery throws new light on the modality of the quartz‐coesite transition and on the pressure regimes (non‐lithostatic v. lithostatic) during high‐pressure/UHP metamorphism. In particular, incipient amorphization of quartz could favour the quartz‐coesite transition, or allow the growth of metastable coesite, as already experimentally observed.  相似文献   

GEOGRAPHY ON THE PLANETS: GIFT OF REMOTE SENSING*     

Richard J. Pike 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(2):131-145

Extraterrestrial geography has become a reality, as we move from Earth's moon to the planets. A broad-scale regional physiography is being established on twenty planets and satellites through remote sensing techniques. Spacecraft images yield most of the information on Solar System landscapes. Topographic measurements are extracted by monoscopic image-processing, stereophotogrammetry, and radar analysis. Invisible parts of the spectrum furnish non-topographic data.  相似文献   

Parameters of the intense X-ray and gamma-ray radiation from the solar flare of May 20, 2002, as observed from the Coronas-F spacecraft     

A. V. Bogomolov  A. P. Ignat’ev  K. Kudela  S. N. Kuznetsov  Yu. I. Logachev  O. V. Morozov  I. N. Myagkova  S. N. Oparin  A. A. Pertsov  S. I. Svertilov  B. Yu. Yushkov 《Astronomy Letters》2003,29(3):199-204

We consider temporal, spectral, and polarization parameters of the hard X-ray and gamma-ray radiation observed during the solar flare of May 20, 2002, in the course of experiments with the SONG and SPR-N instruments onboard the Coronas-F spacecraft. This flare is one of the most intense gamma-ray events among all of the bursts of solar hard electromagnetic radiation detected since the beginning of the Coronas-F operation (since July 31, 2001) and one of the few gamma-ray events observed during solar cycle 23. A simultaneous analysis of the Coronas-F and GOES data on solar thermal X-ray radiation suggests that, apart from heating due to currents of matter in the the flare region, impulsive heating due to the injection of energetic electrons took place during the near-limb flare S21E65 of May 20, 2002. These electrons produced intense hard X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. The spectrum of this radiation extends up to energies ≥7 MeV. Intense gamma-ray lines are virtually unobservable against the background of the nonthermal continuum. The polarization of the hard X-ray (20–100 keV) radiation was estimated to be ≤15–20%. No significant increase in the flux of energetic protons from the flare under consideration was found. At the same time, according to ACE data, the fluxes of energetic electrons in interplanetary space increased shortly (～25 min) after the flare.  相似文献